Maternal undernutrition during lactation leads to reduction in skull size and thickness of adult-aged Wistar rats.

INTRODUCTION: It is known that the quality and quantity of milk is directly related to the dietary habits of the mother. Despite that, the rates of maternal malnutrition during lactation are increasing in several countries; thus, observing its effects on the offspring is relevant. The present study aims to verify the effects of maternal malnutrition during breastfeeding on the skulls of adult-aged Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six newborn rats were divided in three groups: the control group, in which the mother received a regular commercial diet containing 23% protein in unlimited amounts; the protein-energy restriction group, in which the dam received a commercial diet containing 8% protein in unlimited amounts; the energy restricted group, in which the dam received a commercial diet containing 23% of protein in limited amounts. After weaning, all rats received the same diet as the control group until 180 days of age. Then, the rats were euthanized, and their crania were excised and measured in radiographic images. Afterwards, their skull was decalcified with nitric acid (5%) and histological samples were obtained and the thickness of the diploe was verified. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls test were performed for comparison purposes. RESULTS: It was observed that the skull from the protein-energy restriction and energy-restriction groups was smaller and thinner than that of the control group in several parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal malnutrition during the lactation period caused long-term effects in skull morphology of Wistar rats. These effects could not be reversed after regulation of the diet.

Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Support for Nano Copper and Palladium/Copper Catalysts for Selective NO Reduction by CO.

Copper and palladium/copper nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for the selective NO reduction by CO. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TGA, XPS, TPR, in situ XRD, STEM, and HRTEM. The STEM and HRTEM results showed high metal oxide dispersions on the rGO. XPS results showed the presence of Cu and Pd oxide species. The reduction of copper supported on the rGO occurred in two steps for CuO x /rGOc, while that for CuO x -PdO y /rGOc occurred in one step for temperatures lower than 350 °C. Noteworthy is that the in situ XRD results showed that the rGO structure was not affected after reduction at 350 °C. The in situ XRD of reduction revealed the appearance of new phases for copper during the reduction. The catalysts were evaluated in NO reduction by CO. The tests showed that the reduced catalysts presented high performance with NO conversions and N2 selectivity above 85% at 350 °C.

Ventral incisional hernia case report: A therapeutic challenge.

Incisional hernias are a very common condition and they still are considered to be a surgical challenge due to their recurrence rate. Smoking, obesity and age are risk factors for developing these abdominal wall defects. Despite recent advances in hernia repairs, the recurrence rates of hernias did not significantly diminished, even after the introduction of meshes. The aim of this article is to report a case of a ventral incisional hernia in a 37-year-old man and its successful treatment with a procedure known as the Alcino-Lázaro technique repair. This procedure has been shown to be very effective in incisional hernias, especially in obese patients. Furthermore, it is as cheap as it is reliable, since it can be performed without technological aid or expensive materials (mesh); thus, patients in low-income countries can greatly benefit from this procedure.

The olecranon aperture of the humerus: a meta-analysis with anthropological and clinical discussion.

The olecranon aperture is an anatomical variant of the humerus that communicates the olecranon fossa with the coronoid fossa. It is also known as the supratrochlear foramen. Older anatomical textbooks refer to it as a rare variation caused by the perforation of the thin bony plate which separates both fossae. This anatomical variant may be confused as an osteolytic lesion of the humerus in radiographic images. The present work aims to perform a meta-analysis of the olecranon aperture. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test. A random effect model was used for all analyses. A total of sixty-one studies (20,338 humeri) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the olecranon aperture was 21.9% (95% confidence interval: 18.6% to 25.3%). This variant was more commonly found in female than in male bones (statistically significant difference). The olecranon aperture is a common anatomical variant among the general population, although individuals from Africa possess a higher predisposition to develop it. The name supratrochlear foramen is incorrect, as foramina are conduit to vessels or nerves, as such, we propose the term olecranon aperture.

A meta-analysis of the supracondylar process of the humerus with clinical and surgical applications to orthopedics / Metaanálisis del proceso supracondíleo del húmero con aplicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas para ortopedia

SUMMARY: The supracondylar process is a hook shaped projection of the humerus. It is located superior to its medial epicondyle. This anatomic variation is often presented together with the Struther's ligament, a fibrous arcade that connects the supracondylar process to the medial epicondyle. Both structures have been associated with neurovascular bundle compression on the distal third of the arm, as the median and ulnar nerves and the brachial and ulnar arteries may pass through the osteofibrous canal that these variants create. The SciElo, Pubmed, Scopus, TRIP, MEDLINE, COCHRANE and ScienceDirect databases were searched with the term "supracondylar process" or "supracondyloid process" with the purpose of performing a meta-analysis of this bony spur. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test. A random effect model was used for all analysis. A total of twenty articles (26.415 humeri) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the supracondylar process was 0.68 % (95 % Confidence Interval: 0.47 % to 0.92 %). This variant was more commonly found in women than in men (statistically significant difference) and more commonly found on the left side than the right. The presence of the supracondylar process alone may induce neurovascular bundle compression. It can also be injured in traumatic or stress fractures. Knowledge of this variation and its prevalence may reduce misdiagnosis in radiographic images.

RESUMEN: El proceso supracondíleo es una proyección en forma de gancho del húmero. Se encuentra superior a su epicóndilo medial. Esta variación anatómica a menudo se presenta junto con el ligamento de Struther, una arcada fibrosa que conecta el proceso supracondíleo con el epicóndilo medial. Ambas estructuras se han asociado con la compresión del paquete neurovascular en el tercio distal del brazo, ya que los nervios mediano y ulnar y las arterias braquial y ulnar pueden pasar a través del canal osteofibroso que crean estas variantes. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos SciElo, Pubmed, Scopus, TRIP, MEDLINE, COCHRANE y ScienceDirect con el término "proceso supracondíleo" o "proceso supracondiloide" con el objetivo de realizar un metanálisis de este espolón óseo. La heterogeneidad entre los estudios se evaluó mediante la estimación I2 y la prueba estadística Cochran Q. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para todos los análisis. Un total de veinte artículos (26.415 húmeros) se incluyeron en este metanálisis. La prevalencia combinada del proceso supracondíleo fue del 0,68 % (intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 0,47 % a 0,92 %). Esta variante se encontró más comúnmente en mujeres que en hombres (diferencia estadísticamente significativa) y se encuentra más comúnmente en el lado izquierdo que en el derecho. La presencia del proceso supracondíleo solo puede inducir la compresión del paquete neurovascular. También puede lesionarse en fracturas traumáticas o por estrés. El conocimiento de esta variación y su prevalencia puede reducir el diagnóstico erróneo en imágenes radiográficas.

The artery of Mouchet: blood supply of the septomarginal trabecula in 50 human hearts.

The septomarginal trabecula is a muscular structure which transmits the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle. It is usually supplied by a branch from the second anterior septal artery. Anastomoses between the right and left coronary arteries may happen on the septomarginal trabecula. They are of great significance in order to prevent ischemia during a myocardial infarction. Surgeries such as Konno's and Ross' procedures implies in knowledge of these vessels anatomy. The coronary arteries of 50 human hearts were injected with latex and subsequentely dissected with the purpose of identifying the arterial branch that supplied the septomarginal trabecula. The trabecular branch arose from the second anterior septal artery in 38% of cases, and the branch arose from the first anterior septal artery in 26%. One of the hearts had its septomarginal trabecula supplied by the conus arteriosus arteryliterature. Anastomoses between the right and left coronary arteries were found inside the septomarginal trabecula. The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle is subject to a great number of clinical conditions and is often manipulated during surgery, thus, the study of the septal branches of the coronary arteries and the trabecular branch is essential.

The artery of Mouchet: blood supply of the septomarginal trabecula in 50 human hearts

SUMMARY The septomarginal trabecula is a muscular structure which transmits the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle. It is usually supplied by a branch from the second anterior septal artery. Anastomoses between the right and left coronary arteries may happen on the septomarginal trabecula. They are of great significance in order to prevent ischemia during a myocardial infarction. Surgeries such as Konno's and Ross' procedures implies in knowledge of these vessels anatomy. The coronary arteries of 50 human hearts were injected with latex and subsequentely dissected with the purpose of identifying the arterial branch that supplied the septomarginal trabecula. The trabecular branch arose from the second anterior septal artery in 38% of cases, and the branch arose from the first anterior septal artery in 26%. One of the hearts had its septomarginal trabecula supplied by the conus arteriosus arteryliterature. Anastomoses between the right and left coronary arteries were found inside the septomarginal trabecula. The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle is subject to a great number of clinical conditions and is often manipulated during surgery, thus, the study of the septal branches of the coronary arteries and the trabecular branch is essential.

RESUMO A trabécula septomarginal é uma estrutura muscular que transmite o ramo direito do feixe atrioventricular. É usualmente suprida por um ramo da segunda artéria septal anterior. Anastomoses entre as artérias coronárias direita e esquerda podem ocorrer na trabécula. São de grande significância especialmente na prevenção de isquemia durante um infarto do miocárdio. Procedimentos cirúrgicos como o de Konno's e Ross implicam conhecimento anatômico desses vasos. As artérias coronárias de 50 corações humanos foram injetadas com látex e dissecadas com o propósito de identificar o ramo arterial que supria a trabécula septomarginal. Em somente 38% dos casos o ramo foi proveniente da segunda artéria septal anterior, enquanto que em 26% dos casos a artéria se originou da primeira septal anterior. Um dos corações teve a trabécula septomarginal suprida por um ramo originário da artéria do cone arterioso. Além disso, foram encontradas anastomoses entre as artérias coronárias no interior da trabécula septomarginal. Em suma, o ramo direito do feixe atrioventricular está sujeito a inúmeras condições clínicas e é alvo de manuseio em cirurgias, logo, o estudo dos ramos septais das artérias coronárias, em especial o ramo trabecular é essencial.

Nipple areolar reconstruction: techniques to achieve a good result / Reconstrução do complexo aréolo papilar: técnicas para atingir um resultado satisfatório

The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction is the final touch in the reconstructive breast surgery, and it is very important for the patient's psychological health and satisfaction. There are many described techniques, but the main issue is to maintain the NAC projection over the time. The local graft reconstruction together with tattooing are the most popular techniques. However, it is important to personalize the method taking into account the patient's characteristics and the breast mound reconstruction to achieve good results. This article describes the reconstruction planning method, nipple and areolar reconstruction techniques using nipple sharing, local and autologous grafts and tattooing.

A reconstrução do complexo aréolo-papilar (CAP) é o toque final da cirurgia de reconstrução mamária sendo parte importante na satisfação e saúde psicológica da paciente. Existem várias técnicas descritas, porém o maior desafio é a manutenção da projeção do mamilo ao longo do tempo. As técnicas mais utilizadas são as que utilizam enxertos locais com posterior tatuagem. Entretanto, é importante a individualização do tratamento, a técnica escolhida deve levar em consideração as características da paciente e da mama reconstruída para que o resultado final seja satisfatório. O presente artigo descreve método de planejamento, técnicas de reconstrução da aréola e do mamilo utilizando enxertos de retalho local, autólogo ou do mamilo contralateral e tatuagem

Corona Mortis: anatomical and surgical description on 60 cadaveric hemipelvises.

OBJECTIVE: to report the prevalence of arterial corona mortis and to describe its surgical and clinical applicabilities. METHODS: We dissected 60 hemipelvises (50 men and 10 women) fixed in a 10% formalin solution for the purpose of gathering information on corona mortis. We measured the caliber and length of the obturator artery and its anastomotic branch with the aid of a digital caliper and submitted the data to statistical analyzes and comparisons with the GraphPad Prism 6 software. RESULTS: arterial corona mortis was present in 45% of the studied sample. The most common origin of the obturator artery was the internal iliac artery; however, there was one exceptional case in which it originated from the femoral artery. The caliber of the anastomotic branch was on average 2.7mm, whereas the caliber of the obturator artery was 2.6mm. CONCLUSION: the vascular connections between the obturator, internal iliac, external iliac and inferior epigastric arterial systems are relatively common over the upper pubic branch. The diameter and a trajectory of the anastomotic artery may vary. Thus, iatrogenic lesions and pelvic and acetabular fractures can result in severe bleeding that puts the patient's life at risk.

Corona Mortis: anatomical and surgical description on 60 cadaveric hemipelvises / Corona Mortis: descrição anatômica e cirúrgica em 60 hemipelvis cadavéricas

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the prevalence of arterial corona mortis and to describe its surgical and clinical applicabilities. Methods: We dissected 60 hemipelvises (50 men and 10 women) fixed in a 10% formalin solution for the purpose of gathering information on corona mortis. We measured the caliber and length of the obturator artery and its anastomotic branch with the aid of a digital caliper and submitted the data to statistical analyzes and comparisons with the GraphPad Prism 6 software. Results: arterial corona mortis was present in 45% of the studied sample. The most common origin of the obturator artery was the internal iliac artery; however, there was one exceptional case in which it originated from the femoral artery. The caliber of the anastomotic branch was on average 2.7mm, whereas the caliber of the obturator artery was 2.6mm. Conclusion: the vascular connections between the obturator, internal iliac, external iliac and inferior epigastric arterial systems are relatively common over the upper pubic branch. The diameter and a trajectory of the anastomotic artery may vary. Thus, iatrogenic lesions and pelvic and acetabular fractures can result in severe bleeding that puts the patient's life at risk.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a prevalência da corona mortis arterial e descrever suas aplicabilidades cirúrgicas e clínicas. Métodos: sessenta hemipelvises (50 homens e 10 mulheres) fixadas em uma solução de formalina a 10% foram dissecadas com o propósito de obter informações sobre a corona mortis. Medidas do calibre e comprimento da artéria obturatória e seu ramo anastomótico foram mensuradas com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital e submetidas a análises e comparações estatísticas no programa GraphPad Prism 6. Resultados: a corona mortis arterial esteve presente em 45% da amostra estudada. A origem mais comum da artéria obturatória foi da artéria ilíaca interna, porém, houve um caso excepcional no qual a artéria obturatória se originou da artéria femoral. O calibre do ramo anastomótico foi em média 2.7mm, enquanto que o calibre da artéria obturatória foi 2.6mm. Conclusão: as conexões vasculares entre os sistemas obturatório, ilíacos interno e externo e epigástrico inferior são relativamente comuns sobre o ramo superior da pube. O diâmetro e a trajetória dessa artéria anastomótica podem variar. Assim, lesões iatrogênicas, fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares podem resultar em hemorragias graves que colocam a vida do paciente em risco.

Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes-Weber syndromes: two case reports / Síndromes de Klippel-Trenaunay e Parkes-Weber: dois relatos de caso

Abstract Parkes-Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular disease that comprises capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous malformations. Although Parkes-Weber syndrome is a clinically distinct entity with serious complications, it is still frequently misdiagnosed as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, which consists of a triad of malformations involving the capillary, venous, and lymphatic vessels, without arteriovenous fistulas. Both syndromes are generally diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography. The aim of this study is to describe one case of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, in a 36-year-old patient, and one case of Parkes-Weber syndrome, in a 21-year-old patient. We review the literature in order to discuss the possible causes and consequences of these diseases related to venous hypertension and angiodysplasia, taking a clearer approach to their differences, and discussing their treatment.

Resumo A síndrome de Parkes-Weber é uma doença vascular congênita que consiste em malformações capilares, venosas, linfáticas e arteriovenosas. Embora seja uma entidade clinicamente distinta com complicações graves, essa síndrome ainda é frequentemente diagnosticada erroneamente como síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay, que consiste em uma tríade de má formação nos vasos capilares, venosos e linfáticos, sem fístula arteriovenosa. Ambas as síndromes são geralmente diagnosticadas através de ultrassom Doppler e confirmadas pela angiografia por ressonância magnética. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever um caso de síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay em um paciente de 36 anos de idade e um caso de síndrome de Parkes-Weber em uma paciente de 21 anos. A literatura foi revisada com o objetivo de discutir as possíveis causas e consequências dessa doença e sua associação à hipertensão venosa e angiodisplasia. O presente trabalho também levanta discussão a respeito das diferenças sintomatológicas de ambas as síndromes e seus respectivos tratamentos.

Clinical discussion of the arteria lusoria: a case report / Discussão clínica a respeito da artéria lusória: um relato de caso

Abstract The right subclavian artery may originate from the left portion of the aortic arch. This aberrant vessel is known as the arteria lusoria. Its course to its usual site runs behind the esophagus, which may cause a disease known as dysphagia lusoria, responsible for symptoms of discomfort. This artery is often associated with other anomalies, such as the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and the bicarotid trunk, and with diseases such as aneurysms, congenital heart defects, and even genetic syndromes. During routine dissection of a male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin solution, an arteria lusoria was found. This article reports the variation and discusses its embryological, clinical and surgical aspects.

Resumo Em alguns casos, a artéria subclávia direita pode se originar da porção esquerda do arco aórtico. Esse vaso aberrante é conhecido como artéria lusória. Para chegar em sua região, essa artéria passa posteriormente ao esôfago, e pode ser, portanto, causa de uma doença conhecida como disfagia lusória, desencadeando sintomas desconfortantes. A artéria lusória está frequentemente associada com outras anomalias, como o nervo laríngeo não recorrente e o tronco bicarotídeo, assim como pode estar em associação com aneurismas, defeitos cardíacos congênitos e até síndromes genéticas. Durante dissecação cadavérica de rotina, foi observada a presença dessa artéria em um cadáver do sexo masculino fixado em uma solução de formalina a 10%. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a variação conhecida como artéria lusória e trazer destaque para seus aspectos embriológicos, clínicos e cirúrgicos.

Giant iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Pseudoaneurysms are a pulsatile hematoma caused by hemorrhage on soft tissues. It is an uncommon condition with many different etiologies. We report a case of a giant pseudoaneurysm caused by iatrogenic injury on the brachial artery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 42 year-old male was submitted to our Vascular Surgery service with an enlargement of the right upper limb and a history of myocardial infarction. 60days before the patient reached our service, he was submitted to a cardiac catheterization performed by another medical team, since the catheter was placed on the right brachial artery near the cubital fossa, we suspected an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm, which was confirmed by his clinical history and physical exam. It was opted to treat the pseudoaneurysm with an implant of polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis. There were no complications whatsoever and the patient was discharged. DISCUSSION: Pseudoaneurysms are more common after interventional procedures than diagnostic procedures, although brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are rare. Complications of pseudoaneurysms can cause serious threat to the afflicted limb and the patient's life. The management of any pseudoaneurysm is dependent on its size, location and pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: Pseudoaneurysms develop slowly and should be diagnosed as early as possible in order to avoid complications and a better outcome. Due to an increase in recent endovascular procedures and the fact that brachial artery puncture is being performed more routinely, incidence of brachial artery pseudoaneurysms among overall population may rise.

BREAST RECONSTRUCTION USING EXPANDER AND FAT GRAFTING AFTER MASTECTOMY ASSOCIATED TO RADIOTHERAPY / Reconstrução mamária com o uso de expansor e lipoenxertia após mastectomia associada a radioterapia

Breast surgery has evolved very rapidly in recent years. New oncoplastic techniques have emerged, which allowed the maintenance of a good approach in surgical treatment of breast cancer, reducing the physical and mental suffering of the patients for presenting better aesthetic results. This case report refers to a 45-year-old female patient who underwent mastectomy and radiotherapy eight years ago due to breast cancer, and had her breast reconstructed with the use of a submuscular expander associated to fat grafting. This study aimed to show a therapeutic option in breast reconstruction.

A cirurgia da mama nos últimos anos evoluiu de forma muito rápida. Novas técnicas de oncoplastia surgiram, o que permitiu manter uma ótima abordagem no tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama, diminuindo o sofrimento físico e mental das pacientes por apresentar melhores resultados estéticos. Este relato de caso refere-se a uma paciente do sexo feminino de 45 anos, que foi submetida à mastectomia e radioterapia do plastrão há oito anos, em decorrência de câncer de mama, e teve sua mama reconstruída com o uso de expansor submuscular associado à lipoenxertia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar uma opção terapêutica na reconstrução mamária.

Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes-Weber syndromes: two case reports.

Parkes-Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular disease that comprises capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous malformations. Although Parkes-Weber syndrome is a clinically distinct entity with serious complications, it is still frequently misdiagnosed as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, which consists of a triad of malformations involving the capillary, venous, and lymphatic vessels, without arteriovenous fistulas. Both syndromes are generally diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography. The aim of this study is to describe one case of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, in a 36-year-old patient, and one case of Parkes-Weber syndrome, in a 21-year-old patient. We review the literature in order to discuss the possible causes and consequences of these diseases related to venous hypertension and angiodysplasia, taking a clearer approach to their differences, and discussing their treatment.

A síndrome de Parkes-Weber é uma doença vascular congênita que consiste em malformações capilares, venosas, linfáticas e arteriovenosas. Embora seja uma entidade clinicamente distinta com complicações graves, essa síndrome ainda é frequentemente diagnosticada erroneamente como síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay, que consiste em uma tríade de má formação nos vasos capilares, venosos e linfáticos, sem fístula arteriovenosa. Ambas as síndromes são geralmente diagnosticadas através de ultrassom Doppler e confirmadas pela angiografia por ressonância magnética. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever um caso de síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay em um paciente de 36 anos de idade e um caso de síndrome de Parkes-Weber em uma paciente de 21 anos. A literatura foi revisada com o objetivo de discutir as possíveis causas e consequências dessa doença e sua associação à hipertensão venosa e angiodisplasia. O presente trabalho também levanta discussão a respeito das diferenças sintomatológicas de ambas as síndromes e seus respectivos tratamentos.

Clinical discussion of the arteria lusoria: a case report.

The right subclavian artery may originate from the left portion of the aortic arch. This aberrant vessel is known as the arteria lusoria. Its course to its usual site runs behind the esophagus, which may cause a disease known as dysphagia lusoria, responsible for symptoms of discomfort. This artery is often associated with other anomalies, such as the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and the bicarotid trunk, and with diseases such as aneurysms, congenital heart defects, and even genetic syndromes. During routine dissection of a male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin solution, an arteria lusoria was found. This article reports the variation and discusses its embryological, clinical and surgical aspects.

Em alguns casos, a artéria subclávia direita pode se originar da porção esquerda do arco aórtico. Esse vaso aberrante é conhecido como artéria lusória. Para chegar em sua região, essa artéria passa posteriormente ao esôfago, e pode ser, portanto, causa de uma doença conhecida como disfagia lusória, desencadeando sintomas desconfortantes. A artéria lusória está frequentemente associada com outras anomalias, como o nervo laríngeo não recorrente e o tronco bicarotídeo, assim como pode estar em associação com aneurismas, defeitos cardíacos congênitos e até síndromes genéticas. Durante dissecação cadavérica de rotina, foi observada a presença dessa artéria em um cadáver do sexo masculino fixado em uma solução de formalina a 10%. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a variação conhecida como artéria lusória e trazer destaque para seus aspectos embriológicos, clínicos e cirúrgicos.

Técnica do retalho do pedículo superior em oncoplastia / Oncoplastic surgery technique of strapped to the superior pedicle

A inclusão das técnicas oncoplásticas no tratamento do câncer de mama permite resultados oncológicos comparáveis com cirurgias tradicionais e resultados estéticos satisfatórios para as pacientes, que evitam transtornos em sua identidade feminina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de literatura para mostrar a técnica de mastopexia do pedículo superior como tratamento cirúrgico oncoplástico para tumores T1, T2 e T3, localizados nos quadrantes inferiores ou central da mama.

The incidence of breast cancer in the world and its growth, the evolution of treatment and neo adjuvant have improved the quality of life of treated women. The inclusion of oncoplastic techniques in breast cancer treatment allows oncologic results comparable with traditional surgeries and provides a satisfactory cosmetic outcome in order to avoid disruptions in their female identity. The aim of this paper was to review the literature to show the technical upper pedicle in mastopexy technique as an oncoplastic surgical treatment of tumors T1, T2 and T3, located within the central or lower breast quadrants

Anatomical and Radiological Aspects of the Supratrochlear Foramen in Brazilians.

INTRODUCTION: The supratrochlear foramen is an anatomic variation of great clinical and anthropologic interest. Although many studies addressed this subject in different ethnic groups, there are no studies regarding Brazilians. AIM: To verify the incidence and morphometric measures of the supratrochlear foramen in Brazilian humeri. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 dry humeri were analysed and divided in three groups: bones presenting the supratrochlear foramen (Group 1), bones displaying a translucent foramen (Group 2) and humeri without the foramen (Group 3). The aperture was measured with a digital vernier caliper. Radiographic pictures with different incidences were taken. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that 22.5% of humeri belonged in Group 1, 41.2% in Group 2, and 36.3% in Group 3. The mean vertical diameter and the mean horizontal diameter of the supratrochlear foramen on the left side were 2.779±2.050 mm and 2.332±1.23 mm, respectively. The mean vertical diameter and the mean horizontal diameter of the foramen on the right side were 2.778±2.197 mm, and 2.365±1.396 mm, respectively. The student's t-test showed that there was no significant difference regarding the size of the foramen between both sides. The best X-ray machine setup was 50 kilo voltage and 0.08 milliamperage per second, associated with a slight increase in the distance of the x-ray tube. CONCLUSION: The aperture seems to be the key point during the pre-operative planning of intramedullary fixation, since it has direct relation to the size of the intramedullary canal, thus, being an entity of clinical, anatomical, anthropological, radiological, and surgical interest.

Anatomical variation of sciatic nerve: a case report of high division and unusual anastomosis with the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensitive nerve that rises from S1-S3, usually giving off cutaneous branches for the gluteal region, perineum, the posterior region of the thigh and leg. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body, rising from L4-S3, and divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves, innervating the muscles from the posterior compartment of the thigh. Anastomosis between the sciatic nerve and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is rare. During dissection of the right gluteal region on a male cadaver fixed with 10% formalin, we observed an anastomosis between both nerves, while the common fibular nerve perforated the piriformis muscle, dividing it in two muscle slips. Both nerves trajectories were within the regular pattern after this communication. Our aims were to describe this unusual case of anastomosis and perform a literature review on the variations of the sciatic nerve, while also discussing their clinical significance

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